Early September in 2018, due to the similar temperature and higher precipitation than previous years, pest and disease are moderately occurred in maize regions of China. The total area affected by maize armyworm (Mythimna separata), maize northern leaf blight (Setosphaeria turcica) reaches 6.1 million hectares.

Early September in 2018, due to the similar temperature and higher precipitation than previous years, pest and disease are moderately occurred in rice regions of China. The total area affected by rice planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens), leaf roller (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis) and sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani Kühn) reaches 17.1 million hectares

Early August in 2018, due to the higher temperature and higher precipitation than previous years, pest and disease are moderately occurred in maize regions of China.  The total area affected by maize armyworm (Setosphaeria turcica) reaches 3.0 million hectares. (Mythimna separata), maize northern

leaf blight.

Early August in 2018, due to the higher temperature and higher precipitation than previous years, pest and disease are moderately occurred in rice regions of China. The total area affected by rice planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens), leaf roller (Cnaphalocroc- is medinalis) and sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani Kühn) has reached 13.1 million hectares.

During April to May 2018, wheat rust (Puccinia striiformis), Fusarium head blight (Fusarium graminearum), aphid (Sitobion avenae & Rhopalosiphum padi)  slightly occurred in ten main wheat production countries, including Russia, France, Turkey，China, Pakistan, United States, Germany, Iran, Uzbekistan, and United Kingdom.

In 2018, due to the lower temperature and higher precipitation than previous years in the winter wheat region of China, pest and disease are slightly occurred. The total area affected by wheat yellow rust (Puccinia striiformis), sheath blight (Rhizotonia cerealis) and aphids (Sitobion avenae & Rhopalosiphum padi) has reached 15.2 million hectares.

In late May 2018, the wheat in southern China are during the mature stage, due to the lower temperature and higher precipitation than previous years, pest and disease are slightly occurred in winter wheat regions of China. The total area affected by wheat yellow rust cerealis) and aphids (Sitobion avenae & (Puccinia striiformis), sheath blight (Rhizotonia Rhopa-losiphum padi) has reached 7.0 million hectares.

Mid May in 2018, due to the lower temperature and higher precipitation than previous years, pest and disease are moderately occurred in winter wheat regions of China. The total area affected by wheat yellow rust (Puccinia striiformis), sheath blight (Rhizo- tonia cerealis) and aphids (Sitobion avenae &

Rhopalos- iphum padi) has reached 15.2 million hectares.

Mid to late April in 2018, due to the similar or higher temperature and lower precipitation than previous years, pest and disease are slightly occurred in winter wheat regions of China. The total area affected by wheat yellow rust (Puccinia striiformis), sheath blight (Rhizotonia cerealis) and aphids (Sitobion avenae & Rhopalosiphum padi) has reached 7.4 million hectares.

Early April in 2018, due to the similar or lower temperature and similar precipitation with previous years, pest and disease are lightly occurred in winter wheat regions of China. The total area affected by wheat yellow rust (Puccinia striiformis), sheath blight (Rhizotonia cerealis) and aphids (Sitobion avenae & Rhopa- losiphum padi) has reached 6 million hectares.

In 2018, due to the higher temperature and precipitation with previous years, pest and disease are severely occurred in winter wheat regions of China. The total area affected by wheat yellow rust, sheath blight and aphids  might reach 18.5 million hectares.