Mid May in 2018, due to the lower temperature and higher precipitation than previous years, pest and disease are moderately occurred in winter wheat regions of China. The total area affected by wheat yellow rust (Puccinia striiformis), sheath blight (Rhizo- tonia cerealis) and aphids (Sitobion avenae &

Rhopalos- iphum padi) has reached 15.2 million hectares.

Mid to late April in 2018, due to the similar or higher temperature and lower precipitation than previous years, pest and disease are slightly occurred in winter wheat regions of China. The total area affected by wheat yellow rust (Puccinia striiformis), sheath blight (Rhizotonia cerealis) and aphids (Sitobion avenae & Rhopalosiphum padi) has reached 7.4 million hectares.

Early April in 2018, due to the similar or lower temperature and similar precipitation with previous years, pest and disease are lightly occurred in winter wheat regions of China. The total area affected by wheat yellow rust (Puccinia striiformis), sheath blight (Rhizotonia cerealis) and aphids (Sitobion avenae & Rhopa- losiphum padi) has reached 6 million hectares.

In 2018, due to the higher temperature and precipitation with previous years, pest and disease are severely occurred in winter wheat regions of China. The total area affected by wheat yellow rust, sheath blight and aphids  might reach 18.5 million hectares.